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Today is day 199 of my exile.
Exile 199.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nineteen ninety-nine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Europe enters a new chapter. On January 1, the euro is launched as the common accounting currency of many European states, changing the economic structure of the continent. Germany, nine years after reunification, still stands between two economic realities. In the new federal states, the restructuring of industry and infrastructure continues, while in the West debates persist about the costs, opportunities, and pace of alignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Politically, the government under Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der shapes the country. At the same time, the center of German politics visibly shifts to Berlin. Government and parliament gradually move from Bonn to the new capital. With this, an era of the Bonn Republic comes to an end, while Berlin once again becomes the political center of a united Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Internationally, the year is overshadowed by the Kosovo conflict. In the spring, NATO begins airstrikes against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Germany also participates militarily. It is the first combat deployment of German armed forces since the end of the Second World War and triggers an intense debate in the country about responsibility, alliances, and historical restraint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Many conflicts of this time arise from long-standing tensions, ethnic divisions, geopolitical interests, and diplomatic deadlocks. Wars rarely have only one cause and almost never only one author. In Kosovo, the war ends in the summer with the withdrawal of Yugoslav troops and an international protection force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Outside Europe as well, balances of power are shifting. In Russia, Boris Yeltsin resigns on the last day of the year and hands power to Vladimir Putin. In East Timor, the population votes in a referendum for independence from Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The world stands at the threshold of a new millennium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exile 199.
Sometimes the beginning of a new era is only recognized once the old one has already disappeared beyond the horizon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In 1999, Europe begins a new monetary era with the euro, while Germany politically completes its move to Berlin. At the same time, the Kosovo War marks the first combat deployment of German soldiers since 1945. At the end of the year, Russia enters a new political phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exile 198<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Exile 197<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Exile 196<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Exile Chronicle
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All previous (from 130 \u2013 earlier entries are on X\/Twitter<\/a>) and ongoing entries of my Exile Chronicle are collected and documented here:
\ud83d\udc49 https:\/\/marlas.army\/exil-chronik\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n